Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinaldehyde, & Retinyl-Esters)

Uteshev BS, Brovkina IL, Bystrova NA, Avakian AR. Immunomodulating effect of vitamin A and E preparations during deep local cooling. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2001 May-Jun;64(3):56-60. Pharmacology Department, State Medical University, ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117437 Russia.

Fluhr JW, Vienne MP, Lauze C, Dupuy P, Gehring W, Gloor M. Tolerance profile of retinol, retinaldehyde and retinoic acid under maximized and long-term clinical conditions. Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:57-60. Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Germany.

Saurat JH. Skin, sun, and vitamin A: from aging to cancer. J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;28(11):595-8. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and DHURDV, Geneva CH, Switzerland.

Sorg O, Tran C, Carraux P, Didierjean L, Falson F, Saurat JH. Oxidative stress-independent depletion of epidermal vitamin A by UVA. J Invest Dermatol. 2002 Mar;118(3):513-8. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

Sorg O, Tran C, Saurat JH. Cutaneous vitamins A and E in the context of ultraviolet- or chemically-induced oxidative stress. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2001 Nov-Dec;14(6):363-72. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

Didierjean L, Tran C, Sorg O, Saurat JH. Biological activities of topical retinaldehyde. Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:19-24. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

Boisnic S, Branchet-Gumila MC, Le Charpentier Y, Segard C. Repair of UVA-induced elastic fiber and collagen damage by 0.05% retinaldehyde cream in an ex vivo human skin model. Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:43-8. Department of Pathology, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.

Diridollou S, Vienne MP, Alibert M, Aquilina C, Briant A, Dahan S, Denis P, Launais B, Turlier V, Dupuy P. Efficacy of topical 0.05% retinaldehyde in skin aging by ultrasound and rheological techniques. Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:37-41. Jean-Louis Alibert Center, Pierre Fabre Research Institute, Toulouse, France.

Antille C, Tran C, Sorg O, Carraux P, Didierjean L, Saurat JH. Vitamin A exerts a photoprotective action in skin by absorbing ultraviolet B radiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Nov;121(5):1163-7. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

Fort-Lacoste L, Verscheure Y, Tisne-Versailles J, Navarro R. Comedolytic effect of topical retinaldehyde in the rhino mouse model. Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:33-5. Centre Experimental et Pharmacocinetique de Campans, Castres, France.

Biesalski HK, Sobeck U, Weiser H. Topical application of vitamin A reverses metaplasia of rat vaginal epithelium: a rapid and efficient approach to improve mucosal barrier function. Eur J Med Res. 2001 Sep 28;6(9):391-8. University of Hohenheim, Department of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, Fruwirthstr. 12, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.