Grape Seed Extract

Shi J, Yu J, Pohorly JE, Kakuda Y. Polyphenolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality. J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):291-9. Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada.

Roy AM, Baliga MS, Elmets CA, Katiyar SK. Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis through p53, Bax, and caspase 3 pathways. Neoplasia. 2005 Jan;7(1):24-36. Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Zhao J, Wang J, Chen Y, Agarwal R. Anti-tumor-promoting activity of a polyphenolic fraction isolated from grape seeds in the mouse skin two-stage initiation-promotion protocol and identification of procyanidin B5-3'-gallate as the most effective antioxidant constituent. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Sep;20(9):1737-45. Center for Cancer Causation and Prevention, AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver, CO 80214, USA.

Bomser JA, Singletary KW, Wallig MA, Smith MA. Inhibition of TPA-induced tumor promotion in CD-1 mouse epidermis by a polyphenolic fraction from grape seeds. Cancer Lett. 1999 Jan 29;135(2):151-7. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.

El Hindi T, Ehlers G, Demchuk M, Pfitzner I. Determination of the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant combination using the fluoroscan assay in vitro and visualization of its effects using histological methods. Arch Dermatol Res. 2004 Nov;296(6):258-64. BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstrasse 54-56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

Khanna S, Venojarvi M, Roy S, Sharma N, Trikha P, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Sen CK. Dermal wound healing properties of redox-active grape seed proanthocyanidins. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Oct 15;33(8):1089-96. Department of Surgery, Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Khanna S, Roy S, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Sen CK. Upregulation of oxidant-induced VEGF expression in cultured keratinocytes by a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jul 1;31(1): 38-42. Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.

Carini M, Aldini G, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Maffei Facino R. UVB-induced hemolysis of rat erythrocytes: protective effect of procyanidins from grape seeds. Life Sci. 2000 Sep 1;67(15):1799-814. Istituto Chimico Farmaceutico Tossicologico, University of Milan, Italy.

Takahashi T, Kamiya T, Yokoo Y. Proanthocyanidins from grape seeds promote proliferation of mouse hair follicle cells in vitro and convert hair cycle in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol. 1998 Nov;78(6):428-32. Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ibaraki, Japan.