Glucosamine Sulfate

Kelly G.S. The role of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. Altern Med Rev. 1998 Feb;3(1):27-39.

Setnikar I, Palumbo R, Canali S, Zanolo G. Pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in man. Arzneimittelforschung. 1993 Oct;43(10):1109-13. Rotta Research Laboratorium S.p.A., Monza, Italy.

Setnikar I, Giacchetti C, Zanolo G. Pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in the dog and in man. Arzneimittelforschung. 1986 Apr;36(4):729-35.

Minghetti P. Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid prevents oxygen free radical damage to granulation tissue during wound healing. Int J Tissue React. 2002;24(2):65-71. Wound Healing Center, Erba Voglio Foundation, Brescia, Italy.

Sawai T, Usui N, Sando K, Fukui Y, Kamata S, Okada A, Taniguchi N, Itano N, Kimata K. Hyaluronic acid of wound fluid in adult and fetal rabbits. J Pediatr Surg. 1997 Jan;32(1):41-3. Department of Pediatric Surgery and Biochemistry, Japan.

Longaker MT, Chiu ES, Adzick NS, Stern M, Harrison MR, Stern R. Studies in fetal wound healing. V. A prolonged presence of hyaluronic acid characterizes fetal wound fluid. Ann Surg. 1991 Apr;213(4):292-6. Fetal Treatment Program, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0506.

Iocono JA, Krummel TM, Keefer KA, Allison GM, Paul H. Repeated additions of hyaluronan alters granulation tissue deposition in sponge implants in mice. Wound Repair Regen. 1998 Sep-Oct;6(5):442-8. Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Geisinger Health System, Hershey, Pa, USA.

Longaker MT, Chiu ES, Harrison MR, Crombleholme TM, Langer JC, Duncan BW, Adzick NS, Verrier ED, Stern R. Studies in fetal wound healing. IV. Hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity distinguishes fetal wound fluid from adult wound fluid. Ann Surg. 1989 Nov;210(5):667-72. Fetal Treatment Program, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0506.

Pajulo OT, Pulkki KJ, Lertola KK, Alanen MS, Reunanen MS, Virtanen RV, Mattila-Vuori AI, Viljanto JA. Hyaluronic acid in incision wound fluid: a clinical study with the Cellstick device in children. Wound Repair Regen. 2001 May-Jun;9(3):200-4. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.

Campo GM, D'Ascola A, Avenoso A, Campo S, Ferlazzo AM, Micali C, Zanghi L, Calatroni A. Glycosaminoglycans reduce oxidative damage induced by copper (Cu+2), iron (Fe+2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human fibroblast cultures. Glycoconj J. 2004;20(2):133-41. Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Dal Sacco D, Cozzani E, Parodi A, Rebora A. Scar sarcoidosis after hyaluronic acid injection. Int J Dermatol. 2005 May;44(5):411-2. DiSEM, Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

Soparkar CN, Patrinely JR. Managing inflammatory reaction to restylane. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Mar;21(2):151-3. Plastic Eye Surgery Associates, PLLC, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Hsu S, Bollag WB, Lewis J, Huang Q, Singh B, Sharawy M, Yamamoto T, Schuster G. Green tea polyphenols induce differentiation and proliferation in epidermal keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jul;306(1):29-34. Epub 2003 Mar 27. Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, AD1443. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1126, USA.

McCarty MF. Glucosamine for wound healing. Med Hypotheses. 1996 Oct;47(4):273-5.

Cohen M, Wolfe R, Mai T, Lewis D. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of a topical cream containing glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and camphor for osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol. 2003 Mar;30(3):523-8.

Adzick NS, Longaker MT. Scarless fetal healing. Therapeutic implications. Ann Surg. 1992 Jan;215(1):3-7..Fetal Treatment Program, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0570.

Dostal GH, Gamelli RL. Fetal wound healing. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993 Mar;176(3):299-306. Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington.

Estes JM, Adzick NS, Harrison MR, Longaker MT, Stern R. Hyaluronate metabolism undergoes an ontogenic transition during fetal development: implications for scar-free wound healing. J Pediatr Surg. 1993 Oct;28(10):1227-31. Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco 94143.

Alaish SM, Yager D, Diegelmann RF, Cohen IK. Biology of fetal wound healing: hyaluronate receptor expression in fetal fibroblasts. J Pediatr Surg. 1994 Aug;29(8):1040-3. Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298-0117.

Prehm P. Biochem. Hyaluronate is synthesized at plasma membranes. J. 1984 Jun 1; 220(2):597-600.

Roden L. Arkh Kemi. Effect of hexosamies on the synthesis of chondroitin sulphuric acid in vitro.1956; 10: 345-452.

Karzel K, Domenjoz R. Effects of hexosamine derivatives and uronic acid derivatives on glycosaminoglycane metabolism of fibroblast cultures. Pharmacology. 1971;5(6):337-45.

Kim JJ, Conrad HE. Effect of D-glucosamine concentration on the kinetics of mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis in cultured chick embryo vertebral cartilage. J Biol Chem. 1974 May 25;249(10):3091-7.

Vidal y Plana RR, Bizzarri D, Rovati AL. Articular cartilage pharmacology: I. In vitro studies on glucosamine and non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Pharmacol Res Commun. 1978 Jun;10(6):557-69.

Matuoka K, Namba M, Mitsui Y. Hyaluronate synthetase inhibition by normal and transformed human fibroblasts during growth reduction. J Cell Biol. 1987 Apr;104(4):1105-15.

Meyer, K., Palmer, J.W. 1934. J. Biol. Chem. 107, 629-634.

Meyer, K., Palmer, J.W. 1934. J. Biol. Chem. 114, 689-703.

Weissman, B., Meyer, K.J. 1954. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1753-1757.

Noble PW. Hyaluronan and its catabolic products in tissue injury and repair. Matrix Biol. 2002 Jan;21(1):25-9. Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, LCI 105, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Deguine V, Menasche M, Ferrari P, Fraisse L, Pouliquen Y, Robert L. Free radical depolymerization of hyaluronan by Maillard reaction products: role in liquefaction of aging vitreous. Int J Biol Macromol. 1998 Feb;22(1):17-22. INSERM U86, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France.

Saari H. Oxygen derived free radicals and synovial fluid hyaluronate. Ann Rheum Dis. 1991 Jun;50(6):389-92. Fourth Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.

McKee CM, Penno MB, Cowman M, Burdick MD, Strieter RM, Bao C, Noble PW. Hyaluronan (HA) fragments induce chemokine gene expression in alveolar macrophages. The role of HA size and CD44. J Clin Invest. 1996 Nov 15;98(10):2403-13. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

Termeer CC, Hennies J, Voith U, Ahrens T, Weiss JM, Prehm P, Simon JC. Oligosaccharides of hyaluronan are potent activators of dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2000 Aug 15;165(4):1863-70. Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany.

West DC, Shaw DM, Lorenz P, Adzick NS, Longaker MT. Fibrotic healing of adult and late gestation fetal wounds correlates with increased hyaluronidase activity and removal of hyaluronan. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997 Jan;29(1):201-10. Department of Immunology, University of Liverpool, U.K.

Agerup B. Comparative chemical evaluation of derivatives of hyaluronic acid. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2000 May;14(3):223-5.

Miyamoto I, Nagase S. Age-related changes in the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid from rat skin. Jikken Dobutsu. 1984 Oct;33(4):481-5.

Moseley R, Leaver M, Walker M, Waddington RJ, Parsons D, Chen WY, Embery G. Comparison of the antioxidant properties of HYAFF-11p75, AQUACEL and hyaluronan towards reactive oxygen species in vitro. Biomaterials. 2002 May;23(10):2255-64. Department of Basic Dental Science, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.

Trommer H, Wartewig S, Bottcher R, Poppl A, Hoentsch J, Ozegowski JH, Neubert RH. The effects of hyaluronan and its fragments on lipid models exposed to UV irradiation. Int J Pharm. 2003 Mar 26;254(2):223-34. School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Martin-Luther-University, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Salle), Germany.

Dissemond J, Goos M, Wagner SN. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and therapy of chronic wounds. 2002 Nov;53(11):718-23. Klinik und Poliklinik fur Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie des Universitatsklinikums Essen, Germany. Hautarzt.

Foschi D, Castoldi L, Radaelli E, Abelli P, Calderini G, Rastrelli A, Mariscotti C, Marazzi M, Trabucchi E. Hyaluronic acid prevents oxygen free-radical damage to granulation tissue: a study in rats. Int J Tissue React. 1990;12(6):333-9. Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences L. Sacco, Milan, Italy.

White MJ, Heckler FR. Oxygen free radicals and wound healing. Clin Plast Surg. 1990 Jul;17(3):473-84. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.

Agren UM, Tammi RH, Tammi MI. Reactive oxygen species contribute to epidermal hyaluronan catabolism in human skin organ culture. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;23(7):996-1001. Department of Anatomy, University of Kuopio, Finland.

McNeil JD, Wiebkin OW, Betts WH, Cleland LG. Depolymerisation products of hyaluronic acid after exposure to oxygen-derived free radicals. Ann Rheum Dis. 1985 Nov;44(11):780-9.