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You can read at least the précis of the hyperlinked articles cited here at the National Library of Medicine. Click the link to the précis on the PubMed portal provided by the National Institutes of Health.

Borage Oil with GLA

Henz BM, Jablonska S, van de Kerkhof PC, Stingl G, Blaszczyk M, Vandervalk PG, Veenhuizen R, Muggli R, Raederstorff D. Double-blind, multicentre analysis of the efficacy of borage oil in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Apr;140(4):685-8.Department of Dermatology, Virchow Clinic, Free University Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13344 Berlin, Germany.

Fan YY, Chapkin RS. Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition. J Nutr. 1998 Sep;128(9):1411-4. Faculty of Nutrition, Molecular and Cell Biology Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA.

Karia C, Harwood JL, Morris AP, Heard CM. Simultaneous permeation of tamoxifen and gamma linolenic acid across excised human skin. Further evidence of the permeation of solvated complexes. Int J Pharm. 2004 Mar 1;271(1-2):305-9.

Menendez JA, Ropero S, Lupu R, Colomer R. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) enhances docetaxel (Taxotere) cytotoxicity in human breast carcinoma cells: Relationship to lipid peroxidation and HER-2/neu expression. Oncol Rep. 2004 Jun;11(6):1241-52. Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Research Institute, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.

Horrobin DF. Nutritional and medical importance of gamma-linolenic acid. Prog Lipid Res. 1992;31(2):163-94.

Morris GM, Hopewell JW, Ross GA, Whitehouse E, Wilding D, Scott CA. Trophic effects of essential fatty acids on pig skin. Cell Prolif. 1995 Feb;28(2):73-84. Research Institute (University of Oxford), Churchill Hospital, UK.

Takeda S, Sim PG, Horrobin DF, Sanford T, Chisholm KA, Simmons V. Mechanism of lipid peroxidation in cancer cells in response to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) analyzed by GC-MS(I): Conjugated dienes with peroxyl (or hydroperoxyl) groups and cell-killing effects. Anticancer Res. 1993 Jan-Feb;13(1):193-9. Efamol Research Institute, Kentville, Nova Soctia, Canada.

Dippenaar N, Booyens J, Fabbri D, Katzeff IE. The reversibility of cancer: evidence that malignancy in melanoma cells is gamma-linolenic acid deficiency-dependent. S Afr Med J. 1982 Oct 2;62(15):505-9.

Simpson LO. Melanoma and fatty acids. N Z Med J. 1990 Nov 28;103(902):569.

Tollesson A, Frithz A. Borage oil, an effective new treatment for infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 1993 Jul;129(1):95.

Tollesson A, Frithz A. Acta Derm Venereol. 1993 Feb;73(1):18-20. Transepidermal water loss and water content in the stratum corneum in infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dermatology, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.

Karlstad MD, DeMichele SJ, Leathem WD, Peterson MB. Effect of intravenous lipid emulsions enriched with gamma-linolenic acid on plasma n-6 fatty acids and prostaglandin biosynthesis after burn and endotoxin injury in rats. Crit Care Med. 1993 Nov;21(11):1740-9. Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville 37920.

Ziboh VA. Implications of dietary oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of cutaneous disorders. Arch Dermatol. 1989 Feb;125(2):241-5. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

Craveri A, Tornaghi G, Ranieri R, Stanzani M, Landi G, Paganardi L, Passaretti B, Gallo E. Effects of defibrotide after oral and parenteral administration in patients with peripheral obliterative arterial disease (POAD). Int Angiol. 1990 Oct-Dec;9(4):274-7. II Division of Internal Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Manku MS, Horrobin DF, Morse NL, Wright S, Burton JL. Essential fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids of patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 1984 Jun;110(6):643-8.

Morse PF, Horrobin DF, Manku MS, Stewart JC, Allen R, Littlewood S, Wright S, Burton J, Gould DJ, Holt PJ, et al. Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies of the efficacy of Epogam in the treatment of atopic eczema. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acid changes and clinical response. Br J Dermatol. 1989 Jul;121(1):75-90. Efamol Research Institute, Woodbridge Meadows, Guildford, U.K.

Willemaers V, Stas I, Pierard-Franchimont C, Cornil F, Pierard GE. Atopic dermatitis. Rev Med Liege. 1998 Feb;53(2):67-70.

Horrobin DF. Essential fatty acids in clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989 Jun;20(6):1045-53. Efamol Research Institute, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Worm M. Novel therapies for atopic eczema. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Nov;3(11):1596-603. Universitatsklinikum Charite Klinik for Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Schumannstr 20-21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

Schafer L, Kragballe K. Supplementation with evening primrose oil in atopic dermatitis: effect on fatty acids in neutrophils and epidermis. Lipids. 1991 Jul;26(7):557-60. Aarhus Oliefabrik A/S, Research Laboratories, Denmark.

Miller CC, Tang W, Ziboh VA, Fletcher MP. Dietary supplementation with ethyl ester concentrates of fish oil (n-3) and borage oil (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids induces epidermal generation of local putative anti-inflammatory metabolites. J Invest Dermatol. 1991 Jan;96(1):98-103. Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis School of Medicine.

Ziboh VA, Cho Y, Mani I, Xi S. Biological significance of essential fatty acids/prostanoids/lipoxygenase-derived monohydroxy fatty acids in the skin. Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Dec;25(6):747-58. Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Ziboh VA, Miller CC, Cho Y. Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by skin epidermal enzymes: generation of antiinflammatory and antiproliferative metabolites. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):361S-6S. Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.

Chapkin RS, Ziboh VA, McCullough JL. Dietary influences of evening primrose and fish oil on the skin of essential fatty acid-deficient guinea pigs. J Nutr. 1987 Aug;117(8):1360-70.

Fletcher MP, Ziboh VA. Effects of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid or gamma-linolenic acid on neutrophil phospholipid fatty acid composition and activation responses. Inflammation. 1990 Oct;14(5):585-97. Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

Miller CC, Ziboh VA. Gammalinolenic acid-enriched diet alters cutaneous eicosanoids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Aug 15;154(3):967-74. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

Miller CC, McCreedy CA, Jones AD, Ziboh VA. Oxidative metabolism of dihomogammalinolenic acid by guinea pig epidermis: evidence of generation of anti-inflammatory products. Prostaglandins. 1988 Jun;35(6):917-38. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

Siliprandi N. Significance of evening primrose oil in the problem of the nutritional value of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Minerva Dietol Gastroenterol. 1989 Jan-Mar;35(1):39-45.

Park WS, Lee CH, Lee BG, Chang IS. The extract of Thujae occidentalis semen inhibited 5alpha-reductase and androchronogenetic alopecia of B6CBAF1/j hybrid mouse. J Dermatol Sci. 2003 Apr;31(2):91-8. Skin Research Team, Skin Research Institute, Amore Pacific Corporation R&D Center 314-1 Bora-ri, Kiheung-eup, Yongin-si, Kyounggi-do, South Korea.

Liao S, Lin J, Dang MT, Zhang H, Kao YH, Fukuchi J, Hiipakka RA. Growth suppression of hamster flank organs by topical application of catechins, alizarin, curcumin, and myristoleic acid. Arch Dermatol Res. 2001 Apr;293(4):200-5. Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Hopewell JW, van den Aardweg GJ, Morris GM, Rezvani M, Robbins ME, Ross GA, Whitehouse EM, Scott CA, Horrobin DF. Amelioration of both early and late radiation-induced damage to pig skin by essential fatty acids. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994 Dec 1;30(5):1119-25. Research Institute, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital.

Hopewell JW, Robbins ME, van den Aardweg GJ, Morris GM, Ross GA, Whitehouse E, Horrobin DF, Scott CA. The modulation of radiation-induced damage to pig skin by essential fatty acids. Br J Cancer. 1993 Jul;68(1):1-7. Research Institute (University of Oxford), Churchill Hospital, UK.

Rahbeeni F, Hendrikse AS, Smuts CM, Gelderblom WC, Abel S, Blekkenhorst GH. The effect of evening primrose oil on the radiation response and blood flow of mouse normal and tumour tissue. Int J Radiat Biol. 2000 Jun;76(6):871-7. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa.

Pritchard GA, Jones DL, Mansel RE. Br J Surg. 1989 Oct;76(10):1069-73. Lipids in breast carcinogenesis. Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, UK.

Naidu MR, Das UN, Kishan A. Intratumoral gamma-linoleic acid therapy of human gliomas. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1992 Mar;45(3):181-4. Department of Neurosurgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.

Van der Merwe CF, Booyens J, Katzeff IE. Oral gamma-linolenic acid in 21 patients with untreatable malignancy. An ongoing pilot open clinical trial. Br J Clin Pract. 1987 Sep;41(9):907-15.

Williams JH. The use of gamma linolenic acid, linoleic acid and natural vitamin E for the treatment of multicentric lymphoma in two dogs. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1988 Sep;59(3):141-4. Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Republic of South Africa.

Belch JJ, Hill A. Evening primrose oil and borage oil in rheumatologic conditions. Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom.Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):352S-6S.

Pullman-Mooar S, Laposata M, Lem D, Holman RT, Leventhal LJ, DeMarco D, Zurier RB. Alteration of the cellular fatty acid profile and the production of eicosanoids in human monocytes by gamma-linolenic acid. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Oct;33(10):1526-33. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.

Leventhal LJ, Boyce EG, Zurier RB. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gammalinolenic acid. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Nov 1;119(9):867-73. University of Pennsylvania, Graduate Hospital, Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia.

Zurier RB, Rossetti RG, Jacobson EW, DeMarco DM, Liu NY, Temming JE, White BM, Laposata M. Gamma-Linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Nov;39(11):1808-17. University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655-0335, USA.

Horrobin DF. Essential fatty acid metabolism in diseases of connective tissue with special reference to scleroderma and to Sjogren's syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 1984 Jul;14(3):233-47.

Horrobin DF, Campbell A. Sjogren's syndrome and the sicca syndrome: the role of prostaglandin E1 deficiency. Treatment with essential fatty acids and vitamin C. Med Hypotheses. 1980 Mar;6(3):225-32.

Brush MG, Watson SJ, Horrobin DF, Manku MS. Abnormal essential fatty acid levels in plasma of women with premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Oct 15;150(4):363-6.

Mansel RE, Pye JK, Hughes LE. Effects of essential fatty acids on cyclical mastalgia and noncyclical breast disorders. In Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids. Pathophysiology and Roles in Clinical Medicine, ed. DF Horrobin. New York: Alan R Liss, 1990, 557-66.

Keen H, Payan J, Allawi J, Walker J, Jamal GA, Weir AI, Henderson LM, Bissessar EA, Watkins PJ, Sampson M, et al. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with gamma-linolenic acid. The gamma-Linolenic Acid Multicenter Trial Group. Diabetes Care. 1993 Jan;16(1):8-15. UMDS, London, UK.

Julu PO. Essential fatty acids prevent slowed nerve conduction in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Diabet Complications. 1988 Oct-Dec;2(4):185-8. Department of Physiology, University College, London, England.

Wu D, Meydani M, Leka LS, Nightingale Z, Handelman GJ, Blumberg JB, Meydani SN. Effect of dietary supplementation with black currant seed oil on the immune response of healthy elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):536-43. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

Cunnane SC, Manku MS, Horrobin DF. Abnormal essential fatty acid composition of tissue lipids in genetically diabetic mice is partially corrected by dietary linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids. Br J Nutr. 1985 May;53(3):449-58.

Vaddadi KS, Gilleard CJ, Soosai E, Polonowita AK, Gibson RA, Burrows GD. Schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia and essential fatty acids. Schizophr Res. 1996 Jul 5;20(3):287-94. Clinical Research Unit, Maroondah Hospital, Vic, Australia.

Glen I, Skinner F, Glen E, MacDonell L. The role of essential fatty acids in alcohol dependence and tissue damage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1987 Feb;11(1):37-41.

Ishikawa T, Fujiyama Y, Igarashi O, Morino M, Tada N, Kagami A, Sakamoto T, Nagano M, Nakamura H. Effects of gammalinolenic acid on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Atherosclerosis. 1989 Feb;75(2-3):95-104. Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Yoshimoto-Furuie K, Yoshimoto K, Tanaka T, Saima S, Kikuchi Y, Shay J, Horrobin DF, Echizen H. Nephron. Effects of oral supplementation with evening primrose oil for six weeks on plasma essential fatty acids and uremic skin symptoms in hemodialysis patients. 1999 Feb;81(2):151-9. Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.

Tamimi NA, Mikhail AI, Stevens PE. Role of gamma-linolenic acid in uraemic pruritus. Nephron. 1999;83(2):170-1.

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